一、it和that都替代"the+单数名词(可数或不可数)",都是特指,但it指前面提到的"同一"事物,而that是指前面提到的"同类"事物。如: 1. TheParkersboughtanewhousebut ________ willneedalotofworkbeforetheycanmovein. (全国卷) A. theyB. itC. oneD. which 「分析」答案选B.it替代"the + house",指的就是前面提到的theParkers所买的那座新房子。
2. Fewpleasurescanequal ________ ofacooldrinkonahotday. (全国卷) A. someB. anyC. thatD. those 「分析」答案选C.that替代thepleasure,指与前面提到的同属"快乐的事".
二、one替代"a+单数可数名词",表示泛指。特指的theone相当于that;theone复数形式theones,在口语中也常用those代替;当后面有of短语时,一般用that或those,当有前置修饰语时,只能用one(s),如theredone.one(s), theone(s),those, that都是替代"同类"事物,其中只有that可替代不可数名词。如: 1. Weneededanewcupboardforthekitchen. SoPetermade ________ fromsomewoodwehad. (广西卷) A. itB. oneC. himselfD. another 「分析」答案选B.one替代"acupboard".
2. Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,________Iwillalwaystreasure. (全国卷) A. thatB. oneC. itD. what 「分析」答案选B.one替代"amoment",作anunforgettablemoment的同位语。后面接的是它的定语从句。又如Cookwasastrictbutgoodcaptain,onewhotookgoodcareofthesailorsonhisship.
3. -Whydontwetakealittlebreak? -Didntwejusthave ________ ? (全国卷) A. itB. thatC. oneD. this 「分析」答案选C.one替代abreak.
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