16.11 句型的转换

　　句型转换就是将一种型式的句子改变为另一种型式的句子。英语的三种句型即简单句、并列句与复合句，均可以相互转换。如：

　　(1)I help him and he helps me. 我帮助他，他帮助我。

     →The old man wants a room that is small but comfortable. (简单句转换为复合句)

　　(3)I lent my bicycle to John, who lent it to George. 我把我的自行车借给了约翰，他又把它借给了乔治。

　　→I lent my bicycle to John and he lent it to George.(复合句转换为并列句)

　　学会句型的转换有助于对英语句型的精确掌握，从而可运用不同的句型来表达基本相同的意思。可转化的句型有下列三种：

　　(4)He succeeded through hard work. 他靠勤奋工作取得了成功。(简单句)

　　(5)He worked hard and so he succeeded. 他勤奋工作，所以他取得了成功。(并列句)

　　(6)He succeeded because he worked hard. 他成功是因为他勤奋工作。(复合句)

　　[注]简单句有时亦可引用it和there进行内部转换。如：

　　①You need not put your foot in it. 你不必自找麻烦。

　　→It is necessary for you to put your foot in it.

　　②What have you got in your pocket? 你口袋里是什么?

　　→What’s there in your pocket?

　　③It will rain next week. 下星期要下雨。

　　→There will be rain next week.

　　1)简单句与并列句的转换

　　简单句与并列句可相互转换

　　简单句转换为并列句，多由短语变为分句。如：

　　(7)He came too late to see the first part of the show. 他来得太晚了，没赶上节目的第一一部分。

　　→He came late, so he missed the first part of the show.

　　(8)Sleeping but little and thinking much, I find nights long. 我入不了睡，思绪万千，故觉得夜很长。

　　→I find nights long, for I sleep but little and think much.

　　并列句转换为简单句，多将分句变为短语。如：

　　(9)Tom wants to buy a bicycle, so he’s saving up. 汤姆要买一辆自行车，为此他正在攒钱。

　　→Tom is saving up for a bicycle.

　　(10)She was young and beautiful, and yet I did not love her. 她年轻貌美，但我却不爱她。

　　→I did not love her, with all her young and beauty.

　　2)简单句与复合句的转换

　　简单句与复合句可相互转换

　　简单句转换为复合句，多将短语变为从句。如：

　　(11)The meeting over, we all went home. 散会后，我们就都回家了。

　　→When the meeting was over, we all went home.

　　(12)To my knowledge, they never lost a package from the Unite States. 据我所知，他们从未丢失过一件从美国寄来的包裹。

　　→As far as I knew, they never lost a package from the Unite States.

　　复合句转换为简单句，多将从句变为短语。如：

　　(13)He went all the same although it was raining. 尽管下雨他还是走了。

　　→He went all the same in spite of the rain.

　　(14)If you make your own clothes, it will save you money. 自己做衣服，你就会省钱。

　　→You will save money by making your own clothes.

　　3)并列句与复合句的转换

　　并列句与复合句可相互转换

　　并列句转换为复合句，多将一分句变为从句。如：

　　(15)Try again and you will succeed. 再努力一次，你就会成功。

　　→If you try again, you will succeed.

　　(16)I’ve been away only for three years, yet I can hardly recognize my hometown. 我仅在外三年，可我几乎辨认不出我的故乡了。

　　→Although I’ve been away only for three years, I can hardly recognize my hometown.

　　复合句转换为并列句，多将从句变为一分句。如：

　　(17)As Jane was the eldest, she looked after the others. 珍妮是大姐，所以她照顾其他弟妹。

　　→Jane was the eldest, and so she looked after the others.

　　(18)If milk is not kept in a cool place, it will go sour. 牛奶如不存放在阴凉处，很快就会变坏的。

　　→Milk must be kept in a cool place, or else it will go sour.

　　4)句子的结合与分离

　　有时一个以上的句子可合并为一个句子，这也是一种转换。如：

　　(19)The bird was a cock. The fox was looking at it hungrily. 那是一只公鸡。狐狸正以贪婪的目光看着它。

　　→The bird which the fox was looking at hungrily was a cock.

　　(20)It was a snowy day. A small girl was making her way down the street. She was holding a box of matches in her hand. 一个下雪天，一个小女孩在街上走着。她手上拿着一盒火柴。

　　→It was a snowy day and a small girl was making her way down the street, holding a box of matches in her hand.

　　有时一个句子可分离一个以上的句子，这又是一种转换。如：

　　(21)My ruler has a scale marked in centimeters. 我有一把标有厘米的尺子。

　　→I’ve got a ruler. It has a scale. The scale is marked in centimeters.

　　(22)Instead of hating him, I like him all the more for it. 我不但不恨他，相反为此更爱他。

　　→I don’t hate him. On the contrary, I like him all the more for it.